Английский язык ОГЭ-2018 10 тренировочных вариантов экзаменационных работ для подготовки к основному государственному экзамену

УСТНАЯ ЧАСТЬ

Вариант 1

1. Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Whether we realise it or not, TV plays a very important part in our lives. It’s the main source of information and a cheap form of entertainment for millions of people. It gives us an opportunity to “travel” all over the world, to “meet” different people and learn about their customs and traditions. It helps us to relax after a hard day’s work and escape from reality. Some people argue that television is a terrible waste of time. It makes us lazier. We stay at home instead of going out. We read less. We think less. We even talk less. It’s true that some TV addicts spend hours in front of the “box” watching whatever’s on — from second-rate Mexican soap operas to silly commercials. The trick is to learn to control television and use it intelligently. The ideal is to turn on the TV-set only when there’s a really interesting programme. Violence on TV is another problem that worries people. But the same can be said about computer games and many films and books. And if you don’t like a certain programme, why watch it?

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about sports. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if you are a sports fan or if you go in for sports;

• if you lead an active style of life;

• in what way sport helps you.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 2

Films and science fiction books have often played with the idea of reproducing exact copies of people. Today, science fiction has become science fact.The revolution began in 1997, when British scientists produced the first cloned sheep, Dolly. Since then scientists have cloned mice, cows, dogs and pigs. Cloning animals opens exciting medical possibilities, for example, growing organs for transplantation. Scientists can create animals which produce more milk, meat and wool, or animals which don’t catch certain diseases. This can save the lives of starving people. Cloning is a controversial issue. Some people are ready to eat cloned fruit and vegetables, but many people are against cloning animals. The question of human cloning is even more controversial. Suppose we cloned a man. Are we really sure he will be a man? Who will be responsible for him? Who will bring him up? Will he be happy? Will he have the same rights as we have? Nevertheless, the idea of human cloning seems very exciting.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your future plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if you have made your choice to continue your education;

• which subjects you are going to concentrate on;

• if you are going to attend any special courses.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 3

Physical fitness is a general state of good health, usually as a result of exercise and nutrition. Physical fitness can also be described as a condition that allows us to look, feel and do our best. Being fit helps us have more energy for work or school throughout the day, and enough energy to enjoy our leisure time activities. Fitness is an individual quality. It is influenced by age, sex, heredity, personal habits, exercise and eating practices. You can’t do anything about the first three factors. However, it is within your power to change and improve the others where needed. The level of physical fitness can be influenced by regular, systematic exercise. How often, how long and how hard you exercise, and what kinds of exercises you do should be determined by what you are trying to get. For example, an athlete training for high-level competition would follow a different program than a person whose goals are good health and active life.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your school life. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if your school life is interesting/boring;

• what school activities you take part in;

• what school events you remember best of all and why.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 4

The school system in the UK may seem rather confusing for people from other countries. There are two types of schools in the UK. Most of schools are state schools where education is free. But there are also private schools where you have to pay. Such schools are often very expensive. It may seem strange, but private schools an Britain are called public. A long time ago when education was a privilege of the rich, the only schools where poor people could go got the money from charity organizations. As it was public money, the schools for the poor were called public schools. Some of these public schools were very successful and later they became expensive private schools for rich people. But the conservative British continued to call them public schools. The first thing you need to have is money as studying at some public schools costs up to 20 000 pounds a year. There are some grants for bright pupils from poor families but the places are few and the competition is very strong. It’s not surprising that only six percent of the people in the UK can study at public schools.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your best friend. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• what qualities attract you to him/her;

• if there is anything you'd like to change in him/her;

• what you do together.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 5

Task 1. You are going to read the text aloud. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, and then be ready to read it aloud. Remember that you will not have more than 2 minutes for reading aloud.

Money has played an important role in every civilization. It has taken various forms and has changed many times over the centuries. The first form of payment was the exchange of goods. People usually exchanged animal skins and meat, fruit and vegetables, clothes and precious stones. In the 7th century BC the first coins appeared. They were usually made of silver or gold and their value depended on the amount of metal in each coin. With time, coins became very popular and many countries produced their own currency. The introduction of paper money — banknotes — in the 17th century was the beginning of banking systems in many European countries. Since then, banks have offered a wide range of services like loans, bank accounts and many others. Today, people pay for things in different ways: they pay in cash, by cheque or by credit card. The last one, it seems, is the most convenient form of payment. Many people believe that one day money in the form of coins, banknotes, cheques and magnetic cards will totally disappear and that all buying and selling will be done via the Internet.

2 I Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give

1 full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

^ I Task 3. You are going to give a talk about relations in your family. You will have to start in 1.5

1 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if your family is big or not;

• how you get along with your parents, brothers or sisters;

• if you like to spend free time with your family.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 6

Scientists have noticed that the weather is getting worse and worse and the so-called extreme weather events are becoming more and more frequent. The explanation is short: the reason is global warming. What is global warming? Greenhouse effect is a natural feature of our atmosphere without which the life on our planet would be impossible. Certain atmospheric gases work as a kind of blanket, keeping the Earth warm. The amount of these ‘greenhouse’ gases used to be more or less the same for centuries. But the industrial revolution broke this balance. Climate experts predict that in 30 years the global average temperature will rise by 2-3 degrees. Northern regions will be wetter and warmer, southern regions will be drier and hotter. Snow will melt in the Alps and other mountains and the water will cause floods. Sea levels will rise and lots of areas will disappear under water. So will some species of animals and plants.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about the main cities of your country. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if you know any historical facts about these cities;

• what famous places of these cities you know;

• which of these places you would recommend to visit, why.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 7

Scientists believe that the horse first appeared in North America. But it was not the horse we know today. It was a fox-sized animal only about a foot high at the shoulder. Man established a relationship with the horse about 50,000 years ago. At first people hunted horses, which wasn’t very easy, then they learned to herd these animals, and kept them mainly for meat, possibly also for milk, but it is likely that the horses were also used to carry things when people had to move from one place to another. The horse was becoming a worker — a source of help to man — not just a meal on the hoof. Most scientists think that the first horses were used to pull carts, not for riding. But people finally mounted the horse. And suddenly they could travel long distances and explore unknown lands. People quickly realized how useful the horse could be.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about clothes you prefer to wear on different occasions. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• what you usually wear at school;

• who advises you what to wear;

• what styles of clothes you prefer for everyday life, parties.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 8

We all like chocolate. But what exactly is chocolate and where does it come from? And is it good for us or bad for us? Perhaps you know the history of chocolate. Like the potato, it comes from South America. The Spanish people brought it to Europe as a drink. It was so expensive that only rich people could buy it. The idea of making it into bars came later so it became popular as a sweet only in the middle of the 19th century. Why do we like chocolate so much? Of course, it tastes good, but there are other reasons. There is something in chocolate which makes us happy. And it gives us a lot of energy. But it’s also so rich in calories that you can put on weight if you eat it all the time. Is it good or bad for us? Well, some scientists (ученые) say that chocolate is very healthy, that it isn’t bad for your heart or your skin and that it’s even good for your teeth. Other people think that you shouldn’t eat it at all. The truth is somewhere in the middle. You shouldn’t eat chocolate all the time but it’s too tasty to say no!

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about your attitude towards healthy style of living. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if you follow the rules of healthy life;

• what diet you have;

• what activities you do to keep fit.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 9

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about famous people in the history. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• when they lived;

• what they are famous for;

• what you like or dislike about them.

You have to talk continuously.

Вариант 10

It all started more than a hundred years ago, when women in poor English families had to work in factories. They had no time to shop and cook so they bought fast food in the street, on the way back from work. The most popular was fried fish with a piece of bread. Then the first chips came from France. The “chipped” potatoes, as they were called, were also sold in the street and soon became very popular. But at first, nobody thought of selling fish and chips together. The first fish-and-chip shop was opened in London in 1860. Soon such shops appeared everywhere in working-class areas. At first they put fish and chips in an old newspaper, with a lot of salt and vinegar on top. Today, fish and chips are still very popular in Britain but now they are sold in clean white paper bags. You can eat them just on spot or you can take them home and eat, watching TV.

2. Task 2. You are going to take part in a telephone survey. You have to answer six questions. Give full answers to the questions. Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

3. Task 3. You are going to give a talk about ecological problems of the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.

Remember to say:

• if the place you live in is ecologically safe;

• what the main reasons of air and water pollution are;

• how ecological situation can be improved.

You have to talk continuously.