Суффиксы прилагательных - ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК ПО СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЮ - Задания 26-31 - ГРАММАТИКА И ЛЕКСИКА

Суффикс

Образование

Примеры

исходное слово

прилагательное

+ -y

существительные + -у

boss, brain, cloud, curl, cream, dirt, dream, dust, fault, filth, fizz, frost, fruit, gloom, gloss, greed, grocer, guilt, hair, hand, health, heart, luck, mess, might, milk, mint, mist, mood, naught, oil, peach, pearl, pepper, rain, risk, rock, rust, salt, sand, shower, silk, sleep, snow, soap, speed, spook, sport, thirst, trick, water, wealth, wind, word, worth

bossy, brainy, cloudy, curly, creamy, dirty, dreamy, dusty, faulty, filthy, fizzy, frosty, fruity, gloomy, glossy, greedy, grocery, guilty, hairy, handy, healthy, hearty, lucky, messy, mighty, milky, minty, misty, moody, naughty, oily, peachy, pearly, peppery, rainy, risky, rocky, rusty, salty, sandy, showery, silky, sleepy, snowy, soapy, speedy, spooky, sporty, thirsty, tricky, watery, wealthy, windy, wordy, worthy

-er→ -rу

anger, hunger, winter

angry, hungry, wintry

согласная буква на конце, стоящая после ударной гласной, удваивается + -y

bag, fat, flop, fog, fun, fur, gum, jam, knot, mud, nut, pig, rat, scrap, shrub, skin, spot, star, wit

baggy, fatty, floppy, foggy, funny, furry, gummy, jammy, knotty, muddy, nutty, piggy, ratty, scrappy, shrubby, skinny, spotty, starry, witty

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -е, -ена конце → -у

bone, breeze, curve, drizzle, ease, grease, ice, laze, noise, nose, price, shine, sleaze, smoke, spice, stone, stripe, taste, tide, wave

bony, breezy, curvy, drizzly, easy, greasy, icy, lazy, noisy, nosy, pricy, shiny, sleazy, smoky, spicy, stony, stripy, tasty, tidy, wavy

Исключения

chocolate, home (Am), price

chocolatey, homey, pricey

-c→ -ck + -y

garlic, panic

garlicky, panicky

глаголы + -y

catch, cheer, creak, crisp, croak, glitter, slipper, stick, stretch

catchy, cheery, creaky, crispy, croaky, glittery, slippery, sticky, stretchy

Удвоение согласной + -y

chat, run

chatty, runny

глаголы -е на конце → -y

choose, doze, drowse, giggle

choosy, dozy, drowsy, giggly

+ -ic

существительные + -ic

acryl, alcohol, algebra, alphabet, atom, class, ocean, electron, hero, magnet, nomad, organ, patriot, period, poet, prophet, robot, symbol

acrylic, alcoholic, algebraic, alphabetic, atomic, classic, oceanic, electronic, heroic, magnetic, nomadic, organic, patriotic, periodic, poetic, prophetic, robotic, symbolic

acrobat, democrat, diplomat

acrobatic, democratic, diplomatic

graph, photograph, telegraph

graphic, photographic, telegraphic

artist, capitalist, fatalist, journalist, idealist, linguist, materialist, nationalist, optimist, pessimist, realist, stylist

artistic, capitalistic, fatalistic, journalistic, idealistic, linguistic, materialistic, nationalistic, optimistic, pessimistic, realistic, stylistic

enthusiast, gymnast

enthusiastic, gymnastic

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -е, -ена конце → -ic

athlete, atmosphere, base, climate, satire

athletic, atmospheric, basic, climatic, satiric

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -ia, -iaна конце → -ic

dyslexia, nostalgia, encyclop(a)edia

dyslexic, nostalgic, encyclop(a)edic

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -y, -yна конце → -ic

academy, allergy, economy, geography, harmony, history, homeopathy, majesty, melancholy, melody, philosophy, strategy

academic, allergic, economic, geographic, harmonic, historic, homeopathic, majestic, melancholic, melodic, philosophic, strategic

некоторые существительные, оканчивающиеся на -y, -y →-etic

apology, energy, apathy, sympathy

apologetic, energetic, apathetic, sympathetic

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -a + -tic

aroma, asthma, cinema, drama, trauma

aromatic, asthmatic, cinematic, dramatic, traumatic

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -em, -om + -atic

emblem, problem, system, idiom, symptom

emblematic, problematic, systematic, idiomatic, symptomatic

Исключения

atom, romance, science, tragedy, fantasy, volcano, character

atomic, romantic, scientific, tragic, fantastic, volcanic, characteristic

+ -(i)an

существительные + -ian

Arthur, Christ, Darwin, Newton, Paris

Arthurian, Christian, Darwinian, Newtonian, Parisian

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -ia + -n

Asia, Australia, Bulgaria, Eurasia, Georgia, India, Persia, Russia, Scandinavia, utopia, Victoria

Asian, Australian, Bulgarian, Eurasian, Georgian, Indian, Persian, Russian, Scandinavian, utopian, Victorian

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -a, -e, -y, -a, -e, -y → -(i)an

America, Canada

American, Canadian

Greece, Palestine, reptile, Rome

Grecian, Palestinian, reptilian, Roman

antiquary, Hungary, Italy

antiquarian, Hungarian, Italian

Исключения

Belgium, Caucasus, Mars, Norway, Peru

Belgian, Caucasian, Martian,

Norwegian, Peruvian

Germany

German

sect, vegetate

sectarian, vegetarian

+ -(i)al

существительные + -al

behaviour, coast, digit, elector, form, herb, norm, orbit, origin, person, post, season, therm, verb, triumph, virgin, zodiac

behavioural, coastal, digital, electoral, formal, herbal, normal, orbital, original, personal, postal, seasonal, thermal, verbal, triumphal, virginal, zodiacal

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -tion/-sion + -al

addition, constitution, condition, conversation, education, emotion, exception, fiction, fraction, function, institution, instruction, nation, nutrition, operation, option, promotion, ration, recreation, region, tradition, vocation

additional, constitutional, conditional, conversational, educational, emotional, exceptional, fictional, fractional, functional, institutional, instructional, national, nutritional, operational, optional, promotional, rational, recreational, regional, traditional, vocational

division, occasion, procession, profession

divisional, occasional, processional, professional

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -ent + -al

accident, continent, environment, orient, experiment, parent, government, incident, instrument, monument, ornament, sentiment

accidental, continental, environmental, oriental, experimental, parental, governmental, incidental, instrumental, monumental, ornamental, sentimental

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -ic + -al

clinic, comic, critic, cynic, logic, magic, mechanic, music, mystic, topic

clinical, comical, critical, cynical, logical, magical, mechanical, musical, mystical, topical

если -ics на конце, -s → -al

mathematics, physics, politics, statistics

mathematical, physical, political, statistical

-aна конце → -al

orchestra, phenomena

orchestral, phenomenal

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -е, -eна конце → -al

agriculture, architecture, culture, nature, sculpture, procedure, structure

agricultural, architectural, cultural, natural, sculptural, procedural, structural

practice, spouse, universe, centre

practical, spousal, universal, central

Aborigine, commune, fate, globe, homicide

Aboriginal, communal, fatal, global, homicidal

существительные + -ial

ambassador, director, editor, equator, manager, professor, senator, tutor

ambassadorial, directorial, editorial, equatorial, managerial, professorial, senatorial, tutorial

president, resident

presidential, residential

commerce, face, office, finance, province, race

commercial, facial, official, financial, provincial, racial

circumstance, essence, confidence, influence

circumstantial, essential, confidential, influential

ceremony, colony, controversy, memory, industry, secretary

ceremonial, colonial, controversial, memorial, industrial, secretarial

Исключения

navy

naval

существительные + -ical

alphabet, class, graph, period, poet, rhythm

alphabetical, classical, graphical, periodical, poetical, rhythmical

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -у, -yна конце → -ical

anatomy, arch(a)eology, astrology, astronomy, biology, botany, ecology, economy, geography, geology, history, irony, monarchy, pedagogy, philosophy, psychology, physiology, technology

anatomical, arch(a)eological, astrological, astronomical, biological, botanical, ecological, economical, geographical, geological, historical, ironical, monarchical, pedagogical, philosophical, psychological, physiological, technological

-eна конце → -ical

satire, theatre, type

satirical, theatrical, typical

+ -ual означает “основанный на”

fact, habit, instinct, intellect, sex, spirit

factual, habitual, instinctual, intellectual, sexual, spiritual

Исключения

numeracy, surgery, theory

numeral/numerical, surgical, theoretical

benefit, choir, crime, horizon, society

beneficial, choral, criminal, horizontal, social

+ -less

существительные + -less(суффикс -less имеет значение “отсутствие” и соответствует русской приставке “без/бес”)

age, aim, air, blood, bound, brain, breath, care, child, cloud, colour, count, defence, emotion, end, fear, form, friend, fruit, goal, ground, hair, harm, head, heart, help, home, hope, humour, job, leg, life, limit, meaning, motion, noise, pain, paper, point, power, price, purpose, seam, self, sense, shame, shape, skin, sleep, taste, thought, tune, use, wind, wire, wit, word, worth, etc.

ageless, aimless, airless, bloodless, boundless, brainless, breathless, careless, childless, cloudless, colourless, countless, defenceless, emotionless, endless, fearless, formless, friendless, fruitless, goalless, groundless, hairless, harmless, headless, heartless, helpless, homeless, hopeless, humourless, jobless, legless, lifeless, limitless, meaningless, motionless, noiseless, painless, paperless, pointless, powerless, priceless, purposeless, seamless, selfless, senseless, shameless, shapeless, skinless, sleepless, tasteless, thoughtless, tuneless, useless, windless, wireless, witless, wordless, worthless, etc.

-у на конце → -i

mercy, penny, pity

merciless, penniless, pitiless

глаголы + -less

count, thank, tire

countless, thankless, tireless

+ -ly

существительные + -ly

brother, father, man, neighbour, sister, wife

brotherly, fatherly, manly, neighbourly, sisterly, wifely

king, knight, lord, master, priest, prince, queen, scholar

kingly, knightly, lordly, masterly, priestly, princely, queenly, scholarly

beast, coward, friend, gang, gentleman, miser

beastly, cowardly, friendly, gangly, gentlemanly, miserly

hour, month, night, time, week, year

hourly, monthly, nightly, timely, weekly, yearly

death, earth, ghost, god, heaven

deathly, earthly, ghostly, godly, heavenly

cost, disorder, leisure, love, order, shape

costly, disorderly, leisurely, lovely, orderly, shapely

-y на конце → -i + -ly

body, day

bodily, daily

существительные + -erly

east, north, south, west

easterly, northerly, southerly, westerly

прилагательные + -ly

dead, kind, live, lone, sick

deadly, kindly, lively, lonely, sickly

Суффикс

Образование

Примеры

существительные/глаголы

прилагательные

+ -ous

существительные + -ous

anonym, danger, hazard, joy, mountain, murder, poison, ruin, synonym, thunder, venom

anonymous, dangerous, hazardous, joyous, mountainous, murderous, poisonous, ruinous, synonymous, thunderous, venomous

исключается -u- в британском написании

glamour, humour, rigour, vigour

glamorous, humorous, rigorous, vigorous

labour

laborious

-е на конце + -ous

advantage, courage, disadvantage, outrage

advantageous, courageous, disadvantageous, outrageous

-е на конце → -ous

adventure, fame, nerve, ridicule

adventurous, famous, nervous, ridiculous

-е на конце → -ious

grace, space

gracious, spacious

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -у, -у на конце → -i + -ous

ceremony, envy, fury, glory, harmony, industry, luxury, melody, mystery

ceremonious, envious, furious, glorious, harmonious, industrious, luxurious, melodious, mysterious

Исключение

autonomy

autonomous

-ety/-ity на конце → -ous

anxiety, notoriety, variety

anxious, notorious, various

spontaneity, unanimity

spontaneous, unanimous

Исключение

hilarity

hilarious

существительные, оканчивающиеся на -ion, -on → -ous

ambition, caution, infection, nutrition, religion, repetition, superstition, suspicion

ambitious, cautious, infectious, nutritious, religious, repetitious, superstitious, suspicious

Исключения

fiction, population

fictitious, populous

особые случаи прибавления -ous

delicacy, numeracy, jealousy, judiciary

delicious, numerous, jealous, judicious

disaster, monster

disastrous, monstrous

marvel, libel, rebel

marvellous, libellous, rebellious

error, instant, miracle, tedium

erroneous, instantaneous, miraculous, tedious

глаголы + -ous

continue, study, vary

continuous, study, vary

+ -able

существительные + -able

comfort, fashion, favour, honour, profit, reason, remark, season

comfortable, fashionable, favourable, honourable, profitable, reasonable, remarkable, seasonable

-e на конце не отбрасывается

change,

knowledge, sale, size, service

changeable, knowledgeable, saleable, sizeable, serviceable

-yна конце → -able

memory, misery

memorable, miserable

глаголы + -able = can be done

accept, adapt, adjust, afford, avail, avoid, bear, break, consider, count, depend, download, drink, eat, enjoy, predict, prefer, question, read, suit, renew, repair, wash, respect, sustain, work, understand

acceptable, adaptable, adjustable, affordable, available, avoidable, bearable, breakable, considerable, countable, dependable, downloadable, drinkable, eatable, enjoyable, predictable, preferable, questionable, readable, suitable, renewable, repairable, washable, respectable, sustainable, workable, understandable

agree, foresee

agreeable, foreseeable

согласная на конце, после ударной гласной удваивается

control, forget, program, regret, stop

controllable, (un)forgettable, programmable, regrettable, unstoppable

-ateна конце → -able

appreciate, separate, communicate, tolerate, demonstrate, operate, irritate

appreciable, separable, communicable, tolerable, demonstrable, operable, irritable

-eна конце → -able

admire, adore, advise, argue, believe, breathe, commute, compare, consume, cure, debate, desire, dispose, endure, execute,

admirable, adorable, advisable, arguable, believable, breathable, commutable, comparable, consumable, curable, debatable, desirable, disposable, endurable,

note, grade, love, imagine, measure, move, observe, quote, recognise/recognize, recycle, remove, substitute, value

executable, notable, gradable, lovable, imaginable, measurable, movable, observable, quotable, recognisable/recognizable, recyclable, removable, substitutable, valuable

исключения: e на конце не отбрасывается

change, charge, like, manage, move, notice, replace, trace

changeable, chargeable, likeable, manageable, moveable, noticeable, replaceable, traceable

-y на конце → -i + -able

deny, justify, modify, pity, rely, vary

deniable, justifiable, modifiable, pitiable, reliable, variable

Исключения

charity, society, apply, hospitality

charitable, sociable, applicable, hospitable

+ -ible

существительные + -ible

horror, terror

horrible, terrible

response, sense

responsible, sensible

vision

visible

глаголы + -ible

access, convert, corrupt, deduct, flex, resist, suggest

accessible, convertible, corruptible, deductible, flexible, irresistible, suggestible

-eна конце → -ible

collapse, force, reduce, reverse

collapsible, forcible, reducible, reversible

-d на конце → -s + -ible

comprehend, defend, respond

comprehensible, defensible, responsible

-t→ -ss- + -ible

admit, permit

admissible, permissible

особые случаи

credit, divide, perceive

(in)credible, divisible, perceptible

+ -ive

существительные + -ive

addict, defect, effect, object, prospect, subject

addictive, defective, effective, objective, prospective, subjective

excess, mass, reflex

excessive, massive, reflexive

-eна конце → -ive

abuse, expense, state

abusive, expensive, stative

глаголы + -ive

act, affect, attract, elect, construct, correct, instruct, interact, react, protect, predict, reflect, respect, restrict, select

active, affective, attractive, elective, constructive, corrective, instructive, interactive, reactive, protective, predictive, reflective, respective, restrictive, selective, etc.

adapt, adopt, disrupt

adaptive, adoptive, disruptive

depress, express, impress, obsess, progress

depressive, expressive, impressive, obsessive, progressive

assert, support

assertive, supportive

contrast, digest, exhaust

contrastive, digestive, exhaustive

invent, prevent

inventive, preventive

глаголы + -ative

affirm, inform, represent

affirmative, informative, representative

-е на конце → -ive

administrate, alternate, commemorate, create, communicate, cooperate, decorate, demonstrate, educate, execute, illustrate, indicate, innovate, negate, operate, relate, vegetate

administrative, alternative, commemorative, creative, communicative, cooperative, decorative, demonstrative, educative, executive, illustrative, indicative, innovative, negative, operative, relative, vegetative

-eна конце → -ative

compare, cure, declare, restore

comparative, curative, declarative, restorative

cause, conserve, derive, imagine

causative, conservative, derivative, imaginative

-eна конце → -tive

deduce, produce, reduce, reproduce

deductive, productive, reductive, reproductive

-be→ -ptive

describe, prescribe

descriptive, prescriptive

-ive→ -ptive

deceive, perceive, receive

deceptive, perceptive, receptive

-dна конце → -sive

apprehend, comprehend, defend, extend, offend

apprehensive, comprehensive, defensive, extensive, offensive

expand, respond

expansive, responsive

-deна конце → -sive

conclude, exclude, invade, include, intrude, persuade

conclusive, exclusive, invasive, inclusive, intrusive, persuasive

decide, divide, explode

decisive, divisive, explosive

особые случаи

compete, repeat, sense

competitive, repetitive, sensitive

consume, destroy

consumptive, destructive

прилагательные + -ive

distinct, intense

distinctive, intensive

+ -ful

существительные + -ful

boast, care, cheer, law, colour, delight, doubt, dread, faith, fear, fright, fruit, grace, grate, harm, hate, help, hope, joy, meaning, pain, peace, power, purpose, regret, resource, respect, skill, stress, tact, success, tune, thought, truth, use, waste, watch, wonder, youth

boastful, careful, cheerful, lawful, colourful, delightful, doubtful, dreadful, faithful, fearful, frightful, fruitful, graceful, grateful, harmful, hateful, helpful, hopeful, joyful, meaningful, painful, peaceful, powerful, purposeful, regretful, resourceful, respectful, skilful, stressful, tactful, successful, tuneful, thoughtful, truthful, useful, wasteful, watchful, wonderful, youthful

-y на конце → -i- + -ful

beauty, bounty, duty, fancy, mercy, pity, plenty

beautiful, bountiful, dutiful, fanciful, merciful, pitiful, plentiful

глаголы + -ful

forget, resent, thank

forgetful, resentful, thankful

+ -ing

глаголы + -ing

annoy, astonish, correspond, depress, develop, disappoint, disgust, embarrass, entertain, exhaust, fail, follow, help, interest, relax, reward, shock, terrify, work, worry

annoying, astonishing, corresponding, depressing, developing, disappointing, disgusting, embarrassing, entertaining, exhausting, failing, following, helping, interesting, relaxing, rewarding, shocking, terrifying, working, worrying

-eна конце → -ing

amaze, amuse, bore, care, challenge, change, convince, excite, fascinate, freeze, supervise, surprise

amazing, amusing, boring, caring, challenging, changing, convincing, exciting, fascinating, freezing, supervising, surprising